Whatever the answer, however, people remained, descendants of whom include the Pima and Tohono O'odham of southern Arizona. Why this once-flourishing cultural pattern came to an end remains a mystery. Hohokam farmers truly had mastered the desert, in the sense that they were able to successfully grow crops in the same locations for hundreds of years and create a large, well-organized, prospering society. 1100s through 1400s, there were tens of thousands of Hohokam people living in large villages scattered throughout the Phoenix and Tucson basins. At the cultural peak of the Hohokam in the “Classic” period of the A.D. The Hohokam represent one of the largest and most complex societies in the Southwest. Hohokam villages also show that society was organized in a hierarchical fashion. Unlike ancient pueblo towns, which often were abandoned after a few decades, some Hohokam villages were continuously occupied for up to 1,500 years or more. Hohokam villages are remarkable in the ancient Southwest for their stability. Later, the low circular mounds were replaced by much larger, rectangular “platform mounds” of earth, rock, and adobe covered with structures and courtyards built on top. ![]() Early in the Hohokam cultural sequence these consisted of ball courts and small, low, circular mounds made of earth. The word Hohokam is a Piman language term for all used up or exhausted, and the name given by archeologists to the ancient farming peoples of the southern deserts of Arizona. Within the villages were monumental public works. Hohokam (/hohokm/) was a culture in the North American Southwest in what is now part of Arizona, United States, and Sonora, Mexico. Accompanying the canals were extensive villages that covered hundreds of acres and were occupied by several hundred people. Not even the complex societies in Mesoamerica had such extensive irrigation canals. In fact, the Hohokam had the largest and most complex irrigation systems of any culture in the New World north of Peru. The Hohokam are probably most famous for their creation of extensive irrigation canals along the Salt and Gila rivers. During this time, they achieved remarkable successes. 1450, barely 90 years before Spanish explorers arrived in the Southwest. Hohokam or Hohokams A member of a Native American culture flourishing from about the 3rd century bc to the mid-15th century ad in south-central. ![]() Around 600 CE, the Hohokam population grew too large for sustainable living. Hohokam Culture synonyms, Hohokam Culture pronunciation, Hohokam Culture translation, English dictionary definition of Hohokam Culture. Hohokam, (a Pima Indian word meaning ‘‘those who have disappeared’’), first appeared around 1 CE initially growing beans, squash, corn and cotton serving a very small population of less than one thousand. The Hohokam were, in the words of archeologist Emil Haury, “masters of the desert.” Their cultural pattern existed from the first years A.D. The Hohokam people lived in the Mesa area for nearly 1,500 years. Hohokam ruins at Casa Grande Ruins National Monument
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